Dating Mahabharat,Bhagavad Gita By Astronomy.Texts

Sky During the Mahabharata War.

The date of Mahabharata is often debated.

However it may be noted that it has been accepted as a Fact of History and not a legend.

People who deny that the Mahabharata is History and based on facts are those who deny because they find  the impossibility of some of the feats and Physiognomy of the characters in the Epic .

I will posting on this.

Now based on the internal evidence which abounds in The Mahabharata and external references to the Mahabharata fix the date somewhere between

3129 BCJ and 2559 BCJ.

This wide gap between the Dates is due to our present of Time,

Please read my posts on Time filed under Time,Astrophysics( Read my posts on Ravana’s date,Ram’s Date,Places traveled by Lord Rama)

Evidence for this conclusion.

1.External Evidence based on references to Mahabharata by other Works.

“Aryabhata, is a famous early astronomer with contributions to science, whose estimate of p, and the time of moon revolution around the earth are so accurate, that his works are being extensively researched. Aryabhata(476-550 AD) stated that Kaliyuga started 3600 years before, when he was 23 years old, making the start as 3102 BC [Aryabhateeya ref-1]). It would date Mahabharata war to around circa 3130-3140 BCJ.

Surya Siddhanta [Ref 2], a document evolved from roughly same period, states that sun was 54 degrees away from vernal equinox when Kaliyuga started on a new moon day, corresponding to February 17/18, 3102 BCJ, at Ujjain (75deg47minE 23deg 15min N).

Varaha Mihira (circa 560 AD), another famous astronomer, stated that 2526 years before start of Saka count (either Shalivahana saka starting in 79 AD orVikrama Saka starting in 57 BC) [Brihat Samhita Ref-3].

When Saptarishis (ursa major) was near Magha Yudhistira was king 2526 years before Sakatime

Presently, traditional Sanatana Dharma followers consider that Kaliyuga started at 3102 BCJ, when Sri Krishna passed away, and that Mahabharata war occurred in 3138 BCJ. Millennium year 2000 AD is Kali 5102.”

Internal Evidence in The Mahabharata.

The Bhishma Parva and Udyoga Parva(specific chapters of Mahabharata) provide considerable astronomical/astrological descriptions and omens as the Mahabharatawar was approaching. It describes a period of draught, with many planetary positions. Then there is this clear reference to pair of eclipses occurring on 13th day as shown below.

Fourteenth day, Fifteenth day and in past sixteenth day, but I have never known the Amavasya(New Moon day) to occur on the thirteenth day. Lunar eclipse followed by solar eclipse on thirteenth day is in a single lunar month etc…

This reference to Thirteen day eclipse pair appears to be a unique astronomical observation. 

Mahabharata text also refers to retrograde motions of planets prior to war and provides their location with reference to 27/28 Vedic star locations. Mahabharata Drona Parva also refers toJayadhratha’s killing during a dark episode on 13th day of the war, which some consider as another short solar eclipse.

This document is basically concerned with analysis of all eclipses visible at Kurukshethra(Location where Mahabharata war took place, north of New Delhi, Longitude 76 deg 49 min East, Latitude 29 deg 59 Min North) from 3300 BC to about Buddha-Mahavira-Parshvanaathatime of about 700BC. Analysis of the time between successive eclipses, specifically time between end of one and beginning of other has been made, with a view to look at astronomical feasibility of back-to-back eclipses in 13 days, using modern astronomical computer software.

Another major issue of how did observers of the period define and determine period between eclipses when no clocks existed, has been addressed.

Eclipses

Lunar eclipse occurs when Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon. There are about 150 lunar eclipses per century. Lunar eclipses can occur only at full moon, and can be either total or partial. Further they can be umbral and or penumbral. Total lunar eclipses can last up to 2 hours, while partial lunar eclipses can last up to 4 hours. Any observer on dark face of earth can see when lunar eclipse when it occurs. During period 3500BC to 700 BC, nearly 4350 lunar eclipses have probably occurred. A good fraction of these would have been visible inKurukshethra [ref-6].

Solar Eclipse occurs when Moon’s shadow falls on earth observer. About 240 solar eclipses occur every century. During period 3500BC to 700 BC, nearly 6960 Solar Eclipses have occurred. Solar can occur only at new moon. Solar eclipses may be total or annular. Total solar eclipses can last up to about 8 minutes, and partial solar eclipses can last up to 115minutes. The shadow of moon has a limited size of few thousand miles falling on nearly 8000-mile diameter earth. Hence, solar eclipses can be seen only in a limited range of longitude-latitude where the shadow falls. Elsewhere, even though sun is visible, eclipse will not be seen.

Eclipse evaluating computational software and its validation in present context
Astronomical calculations have been greatly improved since past 30 years, particularly with considerable amount of trajectory work conducted in Moon and other scientific projects. High accuracy computer models and software have been developed. These are validated against databases from US Naval Observatory‘s Interactive computer Ephemeris, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. One such code is LodeStar Pro copy righted by Wayne C Annala in 1994 [Ref- 7]. The Lodestar Pro was checked for historical eclipses of 1000-2500 BC from clay tablet records of Mesopotamia area presently available with British Museum. Wayne Mitchell has analyzed this data [Ref-8]. Lodestar Pro provided excellent match with ref-8.

Eclipses at Kurukshethra

During the period of our interest, 3500BC to 700 BC, nearly 4350 Lunar Eclipses and 6960 solar eclipses have occurred on earth. Of these nearly 673 solar and lunar eclipses occurred in pairs of time gap of about nominal 15 days corresponding to roughly half lunar month. We need to search amongst these 673 for eclipse pairs visible in Kurukshethra, which occurred in ‘Thirteen’ days.

A very detailed scan of all the visible lunar and solar eclipses for every year from 3300BC to 700 BC was made on the Lodestar software for Kurukshethra location. These are tabulated and plotted. Maximum eclipse time gap (end of one eclipse and beginning of next eclipse for naked eye observers) was found to be about 379 hours while the minimum was about 332 hours. A plot of time gap between back-to-back eclipses versus eclipse pair number is shown below. (This time corresponds to maximum to maximum – not end of one to beginning of next as in the future table).

Julian Calendar from 412 BC

It is easy for us, in present time, to precisely analyze the eclipse times based on a 24 hour per day time clock. However many thousand years ago, such a time evaluation would clearly be irrelevant. Hence the count of the day and time had to be based on clear, natural and unambiguous events such as sunset to sunset or sunrise to sun rise. Hence in all the analyses, presented below, the time of relevant sun rise or sun set is indicated such that the eclipse beginning and end can be evaluated with reference to the sun rise or sun set. In modern day definition, the period from sunrise to next sunrise is never 24 hours except on equinox day. On all other days, the time will be either less than 24 hours (when day light time is shrinking) and more than 24 hours (when day light time is increasing). For people of ancient times, sunset-to-sunset or sunrise-to-sunrise would be the logical definition of a day. Using this definition, it is possible to determine whether an eclipse pair occurred in ‘Thirteen days’.

Kurukshethra eclipses and some planetary retrograde motions

The table below shows six pairs of eclipses, which can be analyzed further to determine whether Mahabharata war and events could occur then.

Six eclipse pairs visible at Kurukshethra occurring in less than or near 14 days
Events in red not visible due to sun rise (Lunar) or sun set (Solar)
Year BC Eclipse Julian day Initial con Max End Sunrise Sunset end/start date.

Follow the Link for The Table.

After serious analysis of all the eclipses, six eclipse pairs from 3129 BCJ, 2599 BCJ, 2056 BCJ, 1853 BCJ, 1708 BCJ and 1397 BCJ clearly are the best candidates for Mahabharata war year from ‘thirteen day’ eclipse pairs view point. There are others that have low obscurity for solar eclipse, or have dominant penumbral lunar eclipse content and hence do not constitute strong candidates for the Mahabharata war.

One typical eclipse pair of the six is illustrated using Lodestar Pro views of the relevant sunset/sunrise periods. The light/day transition is clearly shown in all the eclipse, which would form the only method of determining that the eclipses occurred in less than fourteen days, which has to be called thirteen-day eclipses. Planets Sani (Saturn) and Brihaspati (Jupiter),Shukra (Venus) in retrograde motion are illustrated for period around the eclipse pairs.

Other Researches place the date at There are astrological, natural, geographical, physical, inscriptional and scriptural evidences that unquestionably establish the date of Mahabharat war as 3139 BC and the beginning of kaliyug as 3102 BC.

http://www.thevedicfoundation.org/bhartiya_history/mahabharat.htm

http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=1052

Sources.

The dynasty of Surya Vansh of Kaushal (Ayodhya) ends with Sumitra (Bhagwatam 9/12/16); the dynasty of Chandra Vansh of Hastinapur ends with Chemak (Bhagwatam 9/22/44, 45); and the dynasties of the kingdom of Magadh flourished up to the Gupt dynasty (80’s BC).The kingdom of Hastinapur, after Chemak, was constantly ruled by the people who took over the throne. An ancient book describing the date-wise chronology of all the kings of Hastinapur (Indraprasth or Delhi) from Yudhishthir up to Vikramaditya was found by the proprietors of the fortnightly magazine of Nathdwara (Rajasthan) called “Harishchandra Chandrika and Mohan Chandrika” in about 1872 AD. The proprietor of the magazine printed the entire description in two of its issues (called kiran) 19 and 20 of 1882.

The Fraud Called Aryan Invasion Proof

The Myth perpetrated by The British and the propagation of it by the Christian Missionaries cloaked as scholars like Caldwell.

The goal for the West very clear, to destroy the Hindu culture to such an extent that  they embrace the Western thoughts( and this would consolidate the British Empire in India) and hate Indian Thoughts and they have succeeded in this .

Even to-day this is being taught in Indian schools.

Facts.

1.There is no mention of the Dravidians in the Vedas.

The Rik Veda lists the things imported from ‘Dravida’ meaning ‘South’, Pearls,Elephant Tusks.

2.The Vishnu Purana mentions that sage Viswamitra, the Rishi who gave the world the Gayathri mantra, exiled his 56 sons for disobeying him the south of Vindhyas,’Dravida’

3. Earliest Tamil  Grammar, Tholkappiyam, Literature of the Sangam Period do not mention the word ‘Dravida’ at all.

4. Adi Sankaracharya mentions the word ‘Dravida Sisu, to identify Tirugnanasambandar, (who lived around the 7th century,) in his ‘Soundaryalahari’9Sloka 75)

“tava stanyaṃ manye dharaṇidharakanye hṛdayataḥ
payaḥ pārāvāraḥ parivahati sārasvatamiva |
dayāvatyā dattaṃ draviḍaśiśu-rāsvādya tava yat
kavīnāṃ prauḍhānā majani kamanīyaḥ kavayitā || 75 ||

5.The Kings of south India were ardent followers of Vedic Rites.

During the megalithic period of about 1000 BCE – 400 BCE, people of South India including Tamilagam, shared many beliefs and practices of thenative Dravidian religion with the megalithic builders elsewhere in the Indian subcontinent and beyond.^[2] The famous 3.5 metre-high granite figure excavated at Mottur, in present-day Vellore district, is considered the oldest known anthropomorphic representation of God in stone in the Tamil country.^[3]..

Chera King Perunchotruudhiyan Neduncheralaathan, fed the Panadavas and Kauravas Armies during the Epic war of Mahabharata.

He performed the ‘Tharpana, in his Chera Kingdom, now Kerala for those who died in the War.

Aryan Invasion

6.Sage Agastya.

“

It is believed that the great hermit 
Agastya, who had performed such wonderful deeds by 
the merits of his penance, is still doing penance in the 
Agastya Kuta hills. Agastya who had travelled through- 
out the length and breadth of Bharata had several 
hermitages. In the Valmiki Ramayana, Aranyakanda, 
Sarga 11, a description is given, of a beautiful hermit- 
age of Agastya, and the peaceful atmosphere that 
prevailed in and around it. Agastya had presented to 
Sri Rama a bow got from Visnu, when the brothers 
visited his hermitage. Agastya had accompanied Sri 
Rama and his followers on his return journey to 
Ayodhya from Lanka, with Slta after killing Ravana. 
There is a legend in the Tamilnad that Agastya was a 
member of the first two 'Saiighas' (groups) of the 
"three Sanghas", mentioned in Tamil literature. As 
Agastya was dwarfish he is mentioned as Kurumuni, 
(short hermit) in Tamil works. He has written a Tamil 
grammar on music, literature and drama. But this 
work is not available now. The Tamil Grammar 
'Tolkapyam', which is considered to be the oldest gram- 
mar, was written by Tolkapyar, one of the twelve 
disciples of Agastya< Even today in certain temples in 
the Tamilnad, Agastya-worship is carried on. Kambar, 
has mentioned about Agastya in his Ramayana. A great 
Tamil author Villiputturan says that the Tamil langu- 
age is the beautiful maiden presented by Agastya. 
It is believed that the following works have been com- 
posed by Agastya: 

7. Archaeological Proof.

There are more than 2,500 Archaeological sites, two-thirds of which are along the recently discovered dried up Sarasvati River bed. These sites show a cultural continuity with the Vedic literature from the early Harrapan civilization up to the present day India.
8. Sarasvati River.
Several independent studies of the drying up of the Sarasvati River bed, all indicate the same time period of 1,900 B.C.E.
9.The late dating of the Vedic literatures by indologists is based on speculated dates of 1,500 B.C.E. for the Aryan Invasion and 1,200 B.C.E. for the Rig Veda, both now disproved by scientific evidence.

Sources.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Tamil_country

http://www.archaeologyonline.net/artifacts/scientific-verif-vedas.htmlhttp://archive.org/stream/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft_djvu.txt

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Lemuria Home Of Tamils In Ramayana ,Mahabharata

I will be posting a couple of blogs on the Lost Continent of Lemuria, the Home of the Tamils.

Proof is available  Texts, History Archaeology and Photos.

Lemuria, Home of The Tamils.

Ancient Tamil Literature dating back to 5000 years speak of the Home of the Tamils Lemuria , ‘குமரிக்கண்டம்  .

Please refer  ’History of The Tamils’ By Srinivasa Iyengar, available in Google Books.

Internal evidence may be found there .

There are references to Tamil Kingdoms  in The Ramayana, Mahabharata.

In Ramayana.

There is also a thought that the Yaksha Kingdom is Ancient Tamil Nadu, containing the present South Indian States,Kerala, Karnataka,Andhra and Kerala.

“The probable location of these southern Yakshas is the eastern Kerala or the western Tamilnadu, where lies the southern parts of the Western Ghats (Malaya Mountains). The mountain peaks in these regions are very high, close to 2.5 KM in height, the highest in India after Himalayan peaks, with temperature dropping to zero degrees like in Himalayas as well as in the central mountains (Trikuta) of Lanka. Assuming that the Yakshas and Rakshasas always seek such a climate (high mountains, cold climate) which is found in all these places (the Western Ghats, the Himalayas, the Trikuta mountains of Srilanka), we can safely assume that this (the southern parts of the Western Ghats) was indeed the location of the territory of Ravana’s step brother Kubera. Besides this, the description of flora and fauna, of Kuvera’s territories contains mention of coconut trees and Panasa trees, which are found abundant in Kerala, but not found in a mountainous Kailasa in the northern Himalayas.”

These southern Yaksha territories seems to have existed from Kanyakumari to Palani, probably also extending along the mountainous Kerala-Tamilnadu boarder to Kerala-Karnataka boarder reaching as north as Mangalapuram, where Yaksha-Gaana is attested as popular dance form. They might have had their sea-port in Kanyakumari allowing them to control Indian Ocean from there, launching their ships and navy.

In The Mahabharata.

Mahabharata mentions the Chera King ‘Perunchotru Udhiyan Neduncheralaathan’ during the Epic Mahabharata war fought between the Pandavas and Kauravas.

He is reported to have fed both the Armies.

Hence his name’Perunchotru Udhiyan, meaning ‘who has fed many a stomachs’

He is reported to have performed the ‘Tharpana. for all those killed in the Mahabharata War in Chera Kingdom,the present Kerala.

There are references to the Tusks’ and pearls from Tamil Nadu in the Vedas.

These references may be found in Srinivasa Iyengar’s Book

It is evident that the Tamils were a highly developed Society during the Vedic period.

(The book  ’Hindu Manners,Customs and ceremonies  by Abbe A.J.Dubois, in the Epilogue mentions that even as the Hindu Culture is very ancient, there is equally ancient Culture.

That made me read the reference Books on Tamil History)

Arjuna is also reported to have married a Pandya Princess from Madurai(probably the Madurai further down South (Then Madurai) which sunk with Lemuria.

Viswamitra had banished his  sons to Dravida and they mingled with he Tamils,evolved the Agamas and ‘Dravidianised the Vedas a bit

These references may be found in Pargiter’s Books as well.

Sources:

http://ancientvoice.wikidot.com/article:valmiki-ramayana

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Preachers Of Hinduism,Indifferent ‘Greedy For Money’

Hinduism is a personal Religion.

It does not believe in Numbers, nor in Proselytism.

As a matter of fact, The Vedas do not mention collective worship at all.

Those who disseminate Knowledge did so, free of cost, after evaluating the student’s aptitude.

Symbolism Of Lord Ganesh.

However a token was accepted, of the Teacher‘s choosing, from the students’ parents, either to make people understand that nothing must be gained free of cost or to test the skill-set and dedication of the Student.

Lord Krishna was asked to save Santipini’s son  from a demon in the Ocean, as Guru dakshina.

By doing so, Lord Krishna acquired his famous Panchajanya.

Drona asked, nay punished Ekalaivya by asking for his Thumb, this is an exception, for this act his son Aswathama was cursed to roam as Chiranjeevi (ever living) in the forest.

Or the Gurus asked of their students to undertake a mission for the welfare of the Society.

Viswamitra asked Lord Rama to kill the demons Thataka.

But never they hankered after wealth for their efforts.

One must remember in the Vedic System of Life, the students were living with the Teacher in his household, partaking what was available;their parents, however rich were not permitted to offer anything.

Over a period of years the system of conveying the Vedic Thoughts, The Ithihasa, Ramayana, Mahabharata and others came into vogue.

When it started the preachers never accepted anything but were driven the noble thought of spreading the Good Word.

Over a period of time, this become an Industry where people , in the garb of disseminating knowledge have started making money and only money, with presenting facts that would suit the audience.

The system of negotiating Rates for Pravachana began.

Till some time back there was this habit of’ ‘taking the plate around’ among the audience to raise for some noble cause;later it degenerated into collecting money from the audience for the preacher!

Now with Media networks running wild to make quick buck by presenting miish mash of programmes called  Religious, popular figures in the filed of preaching are called in.

What they do more is to advertise themselves, distort stories.Philosophy to suit TRP!

Nauseating is their naked lust for money and fame.

Worse is their treatment of people who attend their Pravachanas or Preaching, Kathas.

People come to their Pravachanas or Kathas to know more of the Subject.

They are treated with contempt,; the man does not even acknowledge you or at times if he inclined will tell you rudely’he has no time”

This applies all the Pravachanakarthas including Velukkudi Krishna who is the craze now.

He stares at you indifferently and keeps mum or looks at some body.

But hear his Pravachanas, you would believe he is embodiment of Knowledge, Wisdom,Eager to help people and, as irony would have it,Humble!

I recall Sri Kripanandavariar , great preacher asking people in the midst of a Lecture for their doubts and clearing them on the spot!

If one were to approach him later, he would patiently explain things till he was satisfied that you understood him!

Preachers of Hinduism, what you are doing is not Dharma and you are insulting Hinduism

Note.People might ask me why I have not said anything about Christian Preacher,..

Well…it is their profession sanctioned(?) by their Religion.

Nor I am saying anything about the self-styled Gurus, like Chandrasawmi,Baba Ramdev or the one who teaches the ‘Art of Living’ as if Hinduism teaches the ‘Science of Death!’

These guys should remember  what would be their position that if Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, Ramayana, Mahabharata,Yoga had Copyright and IPR!

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God Is Not Above The Cosmic Law Krishna’s Death

After I finished posting the blog ‘ When Rama Realized he Was Brahman’. I recalled another one from the Puranas.

This incident explains the law of Karma(Please read my posts on this under Hinduism)

Lord Krishna spent a long time  on the Earth during the Dwapara Yuga and the Devas were concerned about his absence from the Vaikunta, the Abode of Lord Vishnu.

They consulted the Great  Dhurvasa Rishi and he consoled them saying the time for Krishna was fast approaching.

The Devas asked him,

‘No body can kill Krishna and we dare not ask him for Dehavyhoam (leaving the Body)

Dhurvasa smiled and told them to watch.

After the Mahabharata War was over, the Pandavas and what remained of the Kauravas , along with the Yadavas (Krishna’s Clan) , were sitting together and fooling around the banks of the River Yamuna.

All of them were drunk.

Lord Krishna’s son, Sambhavan, playful by nature, dressed himself as a pregnant woman and with his cronies approached a group of Seers(Rishis) and prostrated before them and requested,

‘Please Bless Me for Safe delivery’

The Rishis said,

‘We know, you are the son of Lord Krishna, yet, we Bless you with Safe Delivery of a Wooden ladle(உலக்கை ) and your Clan will be destroyed by it’

உலக்கை,Ulakkai

When Lord Krishna was told of it, he shrugged and said he could do nothing about it!

They had a  Wooden ladle delivered after nine months, and to ensure that it was destroyed, they broke it into pieces and immersed it in the river.

The bottom portion ,made of iron was swallowed by a Shark and it was caught by a Fisherman.

While seasoning the Fish, the fisherman found the iron piece and sold it to a Hunter.

The Hunter , his fixed it to the tip of his Arrow.

After some time, the same group was engaged in a drinking bout at the same place.

Salliya, the Man who drove and deserted Karna in the Battle field at a crucial juncture was there.

Salliya was the Father in Law of Karna.

Lord Krishna.

One among the gathering remarked,

‘Look,here is a fellow who deserted his king and relative at a critical time, who was on the losing side ,eating and drinking with us, the Victors’

Salliya retorted saying , ‘A bunch of Herdsman need not talk about a Kshatriya’

And a Battle of words soon became a full-fledged fight among all.

They went on attacking each other.

As they had no Arms,they plucked the ‘கோரைப்புல்’-Nut Grass  around them and attacked each other with the Nut Grass,

As soon as they plucked them they became the Wooden Ladles and killed those attacked with them.

Barring Krishna, the Yadava Clan was wiped out.

(The Immersed wooden pieces , on reaching the shores , grew into Nut Grass and became weapons; that is the reason why Nut Grass is not used in Religious Ceremonies but Kusa Grass is used).

Some time later when Lord Krishna was roaming the Forests , he became tired and rested under a Tree, lying in a Fetal Position.

The Hunter saw, what looked like a Deer from a distance’ sent an Arrow.

It struck Krishna at the Center of His Foot and He lay dying.

The Hunter , on reaching Krishna begged for Mercy and felt remorse.

Krishna said to him,

” Don’t worry, it is not your fault.

During Ramavataras Rama,, I killed Vaali, hiding behind a Tree.

Now I am repaying it.

I fulfilled my duty of serving Lakshmana who served me as a younger brother during Ramavatar, as Bala rama as my elder brother in this Avatar as Krishna and breathed his last.

Even God can not escape the Law of Karma, once born!

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